I3 Window Manager - John's Vademecum

Try to learn something about everything, and everything about somethingThomas Huxley “Darwin's bulldog” (1824-1895)
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<-[[.:start]]


====== I3 Window Manager ======

** Various Things related to I3 **

<WRAP group>
<WRAP half column>
Background & Conky
{{:public:computers:2022-10-09-131610_1440x900_scrot.png?600|}}

</WRAP>

<WRAP half column>

Some tiled windows
{{:public:computers:2022-10-08-204455_1440x900_scrot.png?600|}}

</WRAP>
</WRAP>

<WRAP group>
<WRAP half column>

Floating scratchpad terminal with ''ranger'' file manager
{{:public:computers:2022-10-09-132014_1440x900_scrot.png?600|}}

</WRAP>
<WRAP half column>

Floating scratchpad terminal with ''Alpine'' email client
{{:public:computers:2022-10-09-133519_1440x900_scrot.png?600|}}

</WRAP>
</WRAP>

===== I3 Config and tweaks =====

=== Autotile ===

Make new windows be created in alternating ''horizontal'' / ''vertical'' arrangement, depending on aspect ratio of the current window.

[[https://github.com/nwg-piotr/autotiling]]


{{:public:computers:2022-10-09-132505_1440x900_scrot.png?600|}}


=== I3 Config File ===

++++ config |

<code bash>

# This file has been auto-generated by i3-config-wizard(1).
# It will not be overwritten, so edit it as you like.
#
# Should you change your keyboard layout some time, delete
# this file and re-run i3-config-wizard(1).
#



# i3 config file (v4)
#
# Please see https://i3wm.org/docs/userguide.html for a complete reference!

set $mod Mod4

# Font for window titles. Will also be used by the bar unless a different font
# is used in the bar {} block below.
#font pango:monospace 8

# This font is widely installed, provides lots of unicode glyphs, right-to-left
# text rendering and scalability on retina/hidpi displays (thanks to pango).
font pango:DejaVu Sans 10


default_border normal 3
hide_edge_borders none
binding_mode_indicator yes

#set $bg-color #2f446f
#set $inactive-bg-color #2f343f
#set $text-color #ffb25a
#set $inactive-text_color #676e7d
#set $urgent-bg-color #bd2c40

#client.focused $bg-color $bg-color $text-color #2255ff
#client.unfocused $inactive-bg-color $bg-color $text-color #225ff
#client.focused_inactive $inactive-bg-color $inactive-bg-color $inactive-text-color #2255ff
#client.urgent $urgent-bg-color $urgent-bg-color $text_color #2255ff

workspace_auto_back_and_forth yes

# The combination of xss-lock, nm-applet and pactl is a popular choice, so
# they are included here as an example. Modify as you see fit.

# xss-lock grabs a logind suspend inhibit lock and will use i3lock to lock the
# screen before suspend. Use loginctl lock-session to lock your screen.
#exec --no-startup-id xss-lock --transfer-sleep-lock -- i3lock --nofork

# NetworkManager is the most popular way to manage wireless networks on Linux,
# and nm-applet is a desktop environment-independent system tray GUI for it.
#exec --no-startup-id nm-applet

exec --no-startup-id synclient tapbutton1=-1
exec --no-startup-id /home/gm4slv/noblank.sh
exec --no-startup-id conky
exec --no-startup-id xsetroot -solid midnightblue


exec --no-startup-id ~/background.sh

#exec --no-startup-id polybar example

exec_always --no-startup-id autotile
#exec_always --no-startup-id ~/autosplit

bindsym $mod+p exec --no-startup-id ~/promote-window

# Use pactl to adjust volume in PulseAudio.
set $refresh_i3status killall -SIGUSR1 i3status
bindsym XF86AudioRaiseVolume exec --no-startup-id pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ +10% && $refresh_i3status
bindsym XF86AudioLowerVolume exec --no-startup-id pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ -10% && $refresh_i3status
bindsym XF86AudioMute exec --no-startup-id pactl set-sink-mute @DEFAULT_SINK@ toggle && $refresh_i3status
#bindsym XF86AudioMicMute exec --no-startup-id pactl set-source-mute @DEFAULT_SOURCE@ toggle && $refresh_i3status

#bindsym XF86AudioMute exec amixer sset 'Master' toggle
#bindsym XF86AudioLowerVolume exec amixer sset 'Master' 5%-
#bindsym XF86AudioRaiseVolume exec amixer sset 'Master' 5%+


# Use Mouse+$mod to drag floating windows to their wanted position
floating_modifier $mod

# start a terminal
#bindsym $mod+Return exec i3-sensible-terminal
bindsym $mod+Return exec lxterminal

# kill focused window
bindsym $mod+Shift+q kill

# start dmenu (a program launcher)
bindsym $mod+d exec --no-startup-id dmenu_run
# A more modern dmenu replacement is rofi:
# bindcode $mod+40 exec "rofi -modi drun,run -show drun"
# There also is i3-dmenu-desktop which only displays applications shipping a
# .desktop file. It is a wrapper around dmenu, so you need that installed.
# bindcode $mod+40 exec --no-startup-id i3-dmenu-desktop

# change focus
bindsym $mod+h focus left
bindsym $mod+j focus down
bindsym $mod+k focus up
bindsym $mod+l focus right

# alternatively, you can use the cursor keys:
bindsym $mod+Left focus left
bindsym $mod+Down focus down
bindsym $mod+Up focus up
bindsym $mod+Right focus right

# move focused window
bindsym $mod+Shift+h move left
bindsym $mod+Shift+j move down
bindsym $mod+Shift+k move up
bindsym $mod+Shift+l move right

# alternatively, you can use the cursor keys:
bindsym $mod+Shift+Left move left
bindsym $mod+Shift+Down move down
bindsym $mod+Shift+Up move up
bindsym $mod+Shift+Right move right

# split in horizontal orientation
#bindsym $mod+h split h

# split in vertical orientation
#bindsym $mod+v split v

# enter fullscreen mode for the focused container
bindsym $mod+f fullscreen toggle

# change container layout (stacked, tabbed, toggle split)
bindsym $mod+s layout stacking
bindsym $mod+w layout tabbed
bindsym $mod+e layout toggle split

# toggle tiling / floating
bindsym $mod+Shift+space floating toggle

# change focus between tiling / floating windows
bindsym $mod+space focus mode_toggle

# focus the parent container
bindsym $mod+a focus parent

# focus the child container
#bindsym $mod+d focus child

# Define names for default workspaces for which we configure key bindings later on.
# We use variables to avoid repeating the names in multiple places.
set $ws1 "1"
set $ws2 "2"
set $ws3 "3"
set $ws4 "4"
set $ws5 "5"
set $ws6 "6"
set $ws7 "7"
set $ws8 "8"
set $ws9 "9"
set $ws10 "10"

# switch to workspace
bindsym $mod+1 workspace number $ws1
bindsym $mod+2 workspace number $ws2
bindsym $mod+3 workspace number $ws3
bindsym $mod+4 workspace number $ws4
bindsym $mod+5 workspace number $ws5
bindsym $mod+6 workspace number $ws6
bindsym $mod+7 workspace number $ws7
bindsym $mod+8 workspace number $ws8
bindsym $mod+9 workspace number $ws9
bindsym $mod+0 workspace number $ws10

# move focused container to workspace
bindsym $mod+Shift+1 move container to workspace number $ws1
bindsym $mod+Shift+2 move container to workspace number $ws2
bindsym $mod+Shift+3 move container to workspace number $ws3
bindsym $mod+Shift+4 move container to workspace number $ws4
bindsym $mod+Shift+5 move container to workspace number $ws5
bindsym $mod+Shift+6 move container to workspace number $ws6
bindsym $mod+Shift+7 move container to workspace number $ws7
bindsym $mod+Shift+8 move container to workspace number $ws8
bindsym $mod+Shift+9 move container to workspace number $ws9
bindsym $mod+Shift+0 move container to workspace number $ws10

# reload the configuration file
bindsym $mod+Shift+c reload
# restart i3 inplace (preserves your layout/session, can be used to upgrade i3)
bindsym $mod+Shift+r restart
bindsym $mod+Shift+x exec i3lock
# exit i3 (logs you out of your X session)
bindsym $mod+Shift+e exec "i3-nagbar -t warning -m 'You pressed the exit shortcut. Do you really want to exit i3? This will end your X session.' -B 'Yes, exit i3' 'i3-msg exit'"



##############################
#
#  Program Shortcuts
#
##############################

# "b" for "browser"
bindsym $mod+b exec --no-startup-id firefox


##############################
#
#  SCRATCHPAD
#
#
###############################

set $scratchpad-size 1000 700

bindsym $mod+Shift+minus move scratchpad
bindsym $mod+minus scratchpad show

bindsym $mod+m [title="AlpineMail"] scratchpad show ; move position center
bindsym $mod+n [title="NewsboatReader"] scratchpad show ; move position center
bindsym $mod+comma [title="RangerFM"] scratchpad show ; move position center
bindsym $mod+period [title="Connman"] scratchpad show ; move position center

exec --no-startup-id lxterminal -T AlpineMail -e ~/rpine 
exec --no-startup-id lxterminal -T NewsboatReader -e /usr/bin/newsboat
exec --no-startup-id lxterminal -T RangerFM -e ranger
exec --no-startup-id cmst -M

for_window [title="Connman System Tray"] floating enable, resize set $scratchpad-size, move scratchpad
for_window [title="AlpineMail"] floating enable, resize set $scratchpad-size, move scratchpad
for_window [title="NewsboatReader"] floating enable, resize set $scratchpad-size, move scratchpad 
for_window [title="RangerFM"] floating enable, resize set $scratchpad-size, move scratchpad 


################################################
#
#
#


# resize window (you can also use the mouse for that)
mode "resize" {
        # These bindings trigger as soon as you enter the resize mode

        # Pressing left will shrink the window’s width.
        # Pressing right will grow the window’s width.
        # Pressing up will shrink the window’s height.
        # Pressing down will grow the window’s height.
        bindsym j resize shrink width 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym k resize grow height 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym l resize shrink height 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym semicolon resize grow width 10 px or 10 ppt

        # same bindings, but for the arrow keys
        bindsym Left resize shrink width 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym Down resize grow height 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym Up resize shrink height 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym Right resize grow width 10 px or 10 ppt

        # back to normal: Enter or Escape or $mod+r
        bindsym Return mode "default"
        bindsym Caps_Lock mode "default"
        bindsym $mod+r mode "default"
}

bindsym $mod+r mode "resize"



# Start i3bar to display a workspace bar (plus the system information i3status
# finds out, if available)
bar {
     font pango:DejaVu Sans mono 10
     status_command i3status -c ~/i3status.conf
}
</code>
++++

=== i3status bar ===

++++ i3status.conf |

<code bash>

# i3status configuration file.
# see "man i3status" for documentation.

# It is important that this file is edited as UTF-8.
# The following line should contain a sharp s:
# ß
# If the above line is not correctly displayed, fix your editor first!

general {
        colors = true
        interval = 5
}

#order += "ipv6"
order += "wireless _first_"
order += "ethernet _first_"
order += "battery 0"
#order += "disk /"
order += "load"
order += "cpu_usage"
order += "cpu_temperature 0"
#order += "memory"
order += "tztime local"

wireless _first_ {
        format_up = "W: (%quality at %essid) %ip"
        format_down = "W: down"
}

ethernet _first_ {
        format_up = "E: %ip (%speed)"
        format_down = "E: down"
}

battery 0 {
	status_chr = "⚡"
        status_bat = "🔋"
        status_unk = "? "
        status_full = "☻ "
	low_threshold = 10
        format = "B: %status %percentage %remaining"
}



disk "/" {
        format = "%avail"
}

load {
        format = "L: %1min"
}

cpu_temperature 0 {
	format = "T: %degrees°C"
}

cpu_usage {
	format = "CPU0 %cpu0 / CPU1 %cpu1"
}
	
memory {
	memory_used_method = "classical"
        format = "%free / %used"
	threshold_degraded = "2G"
        format_degraded = "MEMORY < %available"
}

tztime local {
        format = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M"
}
</code>
++++

=== Conky ===

++++ .conkyrc |
<code bash>
# Standard antiX .conkyrc file
# For conky editing help and commands visit = Casey's Conky Reference with Examples {http://www.ifxgroup.net/conky.htm}

# set to yes if you want Conky to be forked in the background
background yes

short_units yes

cpu_avg_samples 1
net_avg_samples 1

out_to_console no

# X font when Xft is disabled, you can pick one with program xfontsel
#font 7x12
#font 6x10
#font 7x13
font 8x12
#font 7x12

# Use Xft?
use_xft yes

# Xft font when Xft is enabled
#xftfont gentium:size=12
#ftfont DejaVu Sans:size=10
xftfont DejaVu Sans:bold:size=9
#xftfont DejaVu Sans:size=9

# Create own window instead of using desktop (required in nautilus, pcmanfm and rox desktops)
own_window yes
own_window_class Conky
own_window_transparent yes
own_window_hints undecorated,below,sticky,skip_taskbar
own_window_type override

# Text alpha when using Xft
xftalpha 1.0

#on_bottom no

# Update interval in seconds
update_interval 1

# Use double buffering (reduces flicker, may not work for everyone)
double_buffer yes

# Minimum size of text area
minimum_size 55
maximum_width 190

# Draw shades?
draw_shades no

# Draw outlines?
draw_outline no

# Draw borders around text
draw_borders no

# Stippled borders?
stippled_borders 0

# border margins
#border_margin 10

# border width
border_width 2

# Default colors and also border colors
default_color white
default_shade_color white
default_outline_color white

#color ffffff
color4 yellow
color8 77ccff
color9 5599cc

# Text alignment, other possible values are commented
# alignment top_left
alignment top_right
#alignment bottom_left
#alignment bottom_right

# Gap between borders of screen and text

gap_x 20
gap_y 40

# Add spaces to keep things from moving about?  This only affects certain objects.
use_spacer right

# Subtract file system buffers from used memory?
no_buffers yes

# if_up_strictness link:  up | link | address
if_up_strictness address

# set to yes if you want all text to be in uppercase
uppercase no

TEXT
${alignc}$nodename
${alignc}${color8}${font DejaVu Sans:size=12}${time %H:%M} ${font} ${color}
${alignc}${time %a %d %b}
${alignc}Uptime: $uptime
#${alignc}${exec disp=${DISPLAY#:}; disp=${disp%.[0-9]}; cat $HOME/.desktop-session/desktop-code.$disp 2>/dev/null}
#res:${alignr}${execi 60 xdpyinfo | sed -n -r "s/^\s*dimensions:.*\s([0-9]+x[0-9]+).*/\1/p"}
#dpi:${alignr}${execi 60 sed -nr "s/^\s*Xft.dpi:\s*([0-9]+(x[0-9]+)?).*/\1/p" $HOME/.Xresources | grep "[0-9]" || echo 96}
#Automount: ${alignr}${execi 60 grep -q "^automount=TRUE" $HOME/.desktop-session/automount.conf 2>/dev/null && echo "enabled" || echo "disabled"}
Freq:${alignr}${freq}
CPU:${alignr}${cpu}%
#${color}Init:${alignr}${color3}${execi 60 detect-init.sh}
${alignr}${cpugraph cpu0 30,170 5599cc 5599cc}
Disk:${alignr}${diskio}
${alignr}${diskiograph 30,170 5599cc 5599cc}${if_up eth0}
eth0 up: $alignr ${upspeed eth0}
${alignr}${upspeedgraph   eth0 30,170 5599cc 5599cc}
eth0 down: $alignr ${downspeed eth0}
${alignr}${downspeedgraph eth0 30,170  5599cc 5599cc}${endif}${if_up eth1}
eth1 up: $alignr ${upspeed eth1}
${alignr}${upspeedgraph   eth1 30,170 5599cc 5599cc}
eth1 down: $alignr ${downspeed eth1}
${alignr}${downspeedgraph eth1 30,170  5599cc 5599cc}${endif}${if_up wlan0}

Wireless 
IP  $alignr ${addr wlan0}
Gate $alignr  $gw_ip
NS $alignr $nameserver

wlan0 up: $alignr ${upspeed wlan0}
${alignr}${upspeedgraph   wlan0 30,170 5599cc 5599cc}
wlan0 down: $alignr ${downspeed wlan0}
${alignr}${downspeedgraph wlan0 30,170 5599cc 5599cc}${endif}${if_up wlan1}
wlan1 up: $alignr ${upspeed wlan1}
${alignr} ${upspeedgraph   wlan1 30,170 5599cc 5599cc}
wlan1 down: $alignr ${downspeed wlan1}
${alignr}${downspeedgraph wlan1 30,170 5599cc 5599cc}${endif}
${alignr}${color8}Used / Total ${color}
RAM:${alignr}$mem / $memmax
Swap:${alignr}$swap / $swapmax
/ Disk:${alignr}${fs_used /} / ${fs_size /}
#${alignc}${execi 1000 persist-enabled}

${font DejaVu Sans Mono:size=10}${execi 30 ~/ruptime}
</code>
++++

Gather ''ruptime'' information about local LAN Linux boxes from the ''rwhod'' service and format it with a small script ''~/ruptime'' called from conkyrc

  ${font DejaVu Sans Mono:size=10}${execi 30 ~/ruptime}
  
++++ ruptime local script |

<code bash>

#!/bin/bash

/usr/bin/ruptime -a | cut -c1-8,13-16,18-27
</code>

++++

Real ''ruptime'' returns:

<code bash>
gm4slv@antix1:~ $ ruptime 
antix1        up    1+04:34,     0 users,  load 0.63, 0.48, 0.47
aprs          up  116+04:03,     0 users,  load 0.00, 0.01, 0.00
laptop        up    9+16:04,     0 users,  load 1.27, 1.09, 1.04
nas1          up  185+23:19,     0 users,  load 0.33, 0.48, 0.47
shack         up      16:19,     0 users,  load 0.16, 0.22, 0.21
</code>

My small script formats it for conky

<code bash>
gm4slv@antix1:~ $ ./ruptime 
antix1    up   1+04:34
aprs      up 116+04:03
laptop    up   9+16:04
nas1      up 185+23:19
shack     up     16:19
</code>

=== add neofetch output as image to root window ===

++++ background.sh |
<code>
#!/bin/bash



while :
do
	
	neofetch --disable term > fetch

	ansilove -q -m transparent fetch

	feh --bg-center -B midnightblue fetch.png

	sleep 300

done
</code>
++++

=== Keys cheatsheet ===

<code>
$mod+p = promote window

$mod+Return = terminal

$mod+Shift+q = kill window

$mod+d = dmenu

$mod+h = focus left
$mod+j = focus down
$mod+k = focus up
$mod+l = focus right


$mod+Shift+h = move left
$mod+Shift+j = move down
$mod+Shift+k = move up
$mod+Shift+l = move right


$mod+f = fullsreen toggle


=== When using Autotile these are for the next window to be created ====

$mod+s = stacking
$mod+w = tabbed
$mod+e = toggle h or v

=== Toggle a window between tiled and floating ===

$mod+Shift+space = floating toggle

=== Switch focus between a floating window and the tiled window(s)

$mod+space focus mode_toggle


$mod+a = focus parent

</code>
===== Additional Software =====

==== urxvt ====

Configured vi ~/.Xdefaults

For Ranger icons use ''DejavuSansMono NFM:size=11:style=Book''

A bug makes font rendering //odd//, with too much space between characters (//kerning// is wrong)

A fix is to put ''Xft.rgba: none'' into ~/.Xdefaults

Another fix is to put ''URxvt.letterSpace=-1'' into ''~/.Xdefaults''

Here's the ''~/.Xdefaults'' I use:

Some un-used lines are commented out, but might be useful in testing....

<code bash>
Xft.rgba: none
#Xft.hintstyle: hintfull
#URxvt.letterSpace:-1

Xcursor.size:10
#URxvt.skipBuiltinGlyphs: true
URxvt.scrollBar: false
URxvt.boldFont: 
#URxvt.font: xft:DejaVuSansMono:style=Book:size=11
#URxvt.font: xft:Monospace:size=11, xft:DejaVuSansMono NFM:style=Book
URxvt.font: xft:DejaVuSansMono NFM:size=11:style=Book
</code>

==== Ranger ====

  * Image Previews: ''/etc/ranger/config/rc.conf'' :<code>set preview_images true</code><code>set preview_images_method w3m</code>
  * Draw borders round segments of display ''/etc/ranger/config/rc.conf'' : <code>set draw_borders both</code>
  * Icons following instructions here: [[https://github.com/alexanderjeurissen/ranger_devicons]]
    * ''/etc/ranger/config/rc.conf'' :<code>default_linemode devicons</code>
  * Font for icons : [[https://github.com/ryanoasis/nerd-fonts/releases/download/v2.2.2/DejaVuSansMono.zip]]
    * unzipped into : ~/.fonts
    * font cache re-built with <code>fc-cache -fv</code>
  * Use Lxterminal - handles icons and image previews (''st'' is poor for image previews)
  * commands for exracting and creating compressed archives (''zip'', ''tar'', ''tar.gz'' etc) from here [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/ranger#Archives]]
    * added both ''python'' snippets to ''/etc/ranger/config/commands.py''
    * added keybindings to ''/etc/ranger/config/rc.conf'' <code> 
map ,n console compress 
map ,m compress temp.zip
map ,e console extract_here 
</code>
    * extract a zip/tar/tar.gz by the keystroke <key>,</key><key>'e'</key>
    * create an automatically named ''temp.zip'' archive by selecting the files (<key>space</key>) and then <key>,</key><key>'m'</key>
    * create a named archive of your choice <key>,</key><key>'n'</key> ''your_archive_name.[tar|zip|tar.gz]''


<code>
<insert> : touch (new file)

gg   : move to top
G    : move to bottom

<F1> : help
<F2> : rename
<F3> : view (less)
<F4> : edit (vim) 
<F5> : copy
<F6> : cut
<F7> : mkdir
<F8> : delete
<F10>: quit


<space> : select
uv : un-select

yy : yank (copy)
dd : cut

ud : un-cut
uy : un-cut(yank)

pp : paste


gh : GoHome
zh : show hidden dotfiles

Archive operation commands
,n : new named archive 
,m : new "temp.zip"
,e : extract_here

</code>

--- //John Pumford-Green 09/10/22 12:38//


===== Further Information =====


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